Fastener-affixing machine



Jan, 13, 1925.

H. TRENCHARD, JR

FASTENER AFFIXING MACHINE:

.Filled Dec. 3l, 1917 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 J 13,192s. l 1,522,759

H. TRENCHARD, JR

FASTENER AFFIXING MACHINE Filed Dec. 51 1917 '7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan, 13, 1925.`

H. TRENCHARD. JR

FASTENER AFFIXING MACHINE v sheets-sheet -4 Filed Dec. 3l 1917 H. TRENCHARD, JR v FASTENER AFFIXING MACHINE '7 sheets-sheet s Filed Dec. 31, 1917 Jan, 13, 1925.

- 1,522,759 H.` TRENCHARD, JR

FASTENER AFFIXING MACHINE Filed De. 51. 191'? 'r sheets-'sheet .e

A ole/vm Jam 13,1925. 1,s22,759 y H. TRENCHARD, JR

FASTENER AFFIXING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31 1917 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 TTURNEY Patented Jan. 13, 1925.

UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE.l

HENRY TRRNCHARD, JR., or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AssIeNoR To TENSION RN- vnLorn COMPANY, INC., OF BROOKLYN, NRW YORK, A CoRroRA'rIoN or NRW YORK.

` FAsTENERiArFIXING MACHINE. c

' Y Application fue@ December 31, 1917. semi No'. 209,729.

10 all tof/1.0m t may concern Be it known that I, HENRY?TruivoIIARD,4 J r., a citizen of the VUnited States'of America, residing in the borough of Brooklyn,

in the city of New York and State of Nev" York, have invented an Improvement in Fastener-Aflixing Machines, of which the following'is a specification.r

The present invention relates to paper working machinery and more 'particularly to a machine for applying fasteners to any in part of an earlier application filed by [me December 30, 1915, Serial No. 69,392, now Patent No. 1,258,829 dated March 12, 1918; The invention has been Ideveloped and for convenience will be described as embodied' in a machine for applying kso.called'double button and string fasteners to envelopes.

For convenience in the description o-f the` particular embodiment of this invention, it may be noted that such envelopesaregenerally provided with a comparativelystift1 fastening washer or button upon the out'- si'de of the body ofthe envelope united thereto preferably by means of an `eyelet which is upset to engage lthe washer 'and hold it securely in position inrelation to the body of theenve-lope.y Afsimilar fastening washer is similarly affixed to the flap of the envelope and ypreferably a comparatively light reinforcing washer is used upon' the inside of theflap; the two being fastened by an. eyelet passed 'through the washers and through the envelope flap. The string, which is used to effect the closure ofthe envelope,'preferably has', one end fastened under the eyelet which attaches the cooperating'washers tothe flap of the'envelope.

A preferred embodiment of the invention has been herein selected for purposesof il,- lustration and explanation and is shown in the accompanying drawings, Wherein- Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine;

Figure 2 is a side elevation viewed from the right o f Figurer 1;

Figure 3 is a top plan view of the lmachine with certain parts removed for clearness;

Figure 4C is af'vertical section on the line 1 4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a vertical section on the line 5-5 of Figure 3; Figure 6 isV an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 5; f

Figures 7,8 and 9 are detailed views of a preferred eyelet escapement mechanism; n Figures 10 and 11 are detail'views of a preferred clutch mechanism; c

Figure 12 is a view of a preferred eyele feeding mechanism; f

Figure 13 is a detail view of a preferred tape feed actuating mechanism;

Figure 14C is a vertical 'cross section on the line 14e-111 of Figure 1;

Figure 15 is a similar section on the line 15-15 of Figure 1 looking in theopposite ldirection from the preceding figure;

v'Figure 1G is an assembly view of a preferred string nism; .f y A Figures 17 and 1S are detail views of the string cutting mechanism;

Figuresk 19, 2O and 21 are detail views of the string feeding mechanism; and v Figure 22 shows an envelope punched with a fastener such as may be attached by the machine herein shown.

In the followingr description of the illustrative embodiment of the invention, the general structural features of the machine will first be described `and then,.in'the sequence indicated, the illustrative mechanism for aftxing the fastener and Washer to the body of the envelope; the illustrative mechanism for forming and aiiixing the fastener and reinforcing washer to the flap of the envelope; and lastly the illustrative mecha` nism for feeding, fastening and cutting the string, The washers are shown as annular but they may be of any lsuitable form as desired.

f Referring to `the drawings it will be seen thatthe greater part of the mechanism is mounted upon a bed-plateortable 1 supported upon standards 2. A main shaft B, journalled in suitable bearings upon the table 1, is provided with a balance wheel 4 and is adapted to be connected with a driving pulley 5 by asuitable clutch mecha-v nism located at the right hand side of the machine. The driving wheel 5 carries a aw 6 and is, during the operation of the machinej, rotated continuously from a suitable source of power. The operation of the machine to affix the double button and string feeding and cutting mecha-` y fastener77 is preferably accomplished in one revolution of the main shaft 3 and the clutch mechanism is there-fore designed to rotate the main shaft through one revolution and then automatically disengage. A clutch collar 7 is keyed to the main shaft (see Figures 10 and 11) and is slidable thereon. This collar has jaws 8 to co-operate with jaws 6 on the hub of the driving pulley which rotates freely on the main shaft, and a spring pressed plunger 9 tends normally to force the j awsinto, engagement. A -flange 10 upon the collar 7 has a cam .surfacel 11 and, asshown in FigurelO, this cam surfacebears against astud 12 which holds the collar 7 away from jawsf6. The stud 12 is held normally inf the position shown in FiOures 2 and 10 b f a spring 13 which isv D 7 .L D

attached to the bed of the machine and to a lever14 passing through the lower end of the stud. treadle 15 is connected by suitable links 16 and 17 with the lever 14 so that upon depression of the pedal and its'innnediate release, 'the collar 7 will be forced to the right.' in Figure 10 to engage jaws 6 and 8 androtate the main shaft 3 through one' revolution, the stud 12 cooperating with the cam 1 1 to withdraw' the collar 7 toward the end of the single revolution.

As shown in Figure- 3 a notched collar 18 is fast to the main shaft 3 and a spring pressed lever 19 engages the notch in the collar 18 to prevent the back lash of the main shaft. I

Coming now to the mechanism vfor afiXing the fastening washer to the `body. of the envelope and referring particularly to Figures'3 and 4, means are provided for feeding througha strip of tape, forming a washer from the tape, feeding an eyelet into the proper position and: actuating the washer forming inechanisnr to affix thewasherto the body of the envelope. In Figilre 3 it will be seen that a shoe 20 projectsfrom a stationary part ofthe machine andy carries an anvil- 21. A light spring guardi 22 is fastened to the outer endof the shoe and overlies the anvil 21. This spring serves to press the body of the envelope away from the anvilwhen the fastening eyelet has been upset and contributes to the speed of operation of the machine by permitting a direct withdrawal of the envelope. The shoe, anvil and releasing spring are shown insection in Figure 4. A light spring 256, see F ig-ure 3, servesto press the envelope fiapttoward the side of the shoe so that it maybe quickly withdrawn from the machine at theV completion of operation.

Slidably mounted inf the machine, as shown in Figure 3, is a reciprocating plunger 23. Suitable means' are provided for actuating this plunger from the main shaft, the same being herein shown as co-operating beveled gears 24 and 25; the latter being mounted upon a shaft 26 suitably journalled in the frame, and carrying at its end opposite the gear 25, a crank arin 27 to which a connecting rod 28 is attached. The connecting rod 28 is attached at its other end to a cross bar 29 which is fastened to the plunger 23 by means of a block 30 and collars 31. Through this connection the plunger 23 will be .moved forward and back upon a single revolution of the main shaft. Referring tovrFigure 4 a second plunger 32 is mounted below the plunger 23 and carries atits end a punch 33, Suitable means are provided to actuate the plunger 32 simultaneously with theplunger 23, a block34 connecting the two at their outer ends. The plunger 23 carries a hollow punch' 35 with a sliding pin 36 pressed forward by a spring 37 which is mounted within the `punch 35. A die plate 38 is rigidly attached to the machine and is provided with a hole 39 to co-operate with the punch 35 andv a hole 4() to coi-.operate with the punch 33. A vertical channel 41 is formed by a guard plate 42 interposed between the die plate and the punches. Through this channel is drawn a strip of tape 43 from a. supply roll 44, shownin Figures 1 and 2 as mounted upon a spindle 45 projecting from one of the standards of the machine.

Suitable means are provided to draw the tape step by step through the channel 41, the increments of movement corresponding to the distance between the axes of the punches 33 and 35 for a purpose which will hereafter appear. Tape feeding means are hereinshown as a pair of co-operating feed rolls 46-and 47, shown diagrammatically in Figure 4, and also in Figures 2 and 3. Suitable means are provided to actuate. the feed rolls, the saine being herein shown as a cam operated ratchet and pawl mechanism. The upper feed roll is mounted upon a shaft 48 suitably journalled in bearings which permit itto be pressed toward the co` operating feed roll y47 by set screws 49. This shaft also carries another feed roll which will be later referred to. -A ratchet 50 (see Figure 13) is fast to the shaft' 48 and a spring pressed pawl 51 is carried upon a pivoted arm which is actuated through a 'link 53 by an arm 54 upon a vertically slidable standard 55 suitably journalled in the bed-plate Iof the machine and held in lowered position by a spring 56. The arm 54 carries a roller 57 which rides upon a cam 58 fast to the main shaft 3. The cam is so placed upon the shaft that the feed rollers will be actuated to move thc tape forward when the punches are free therefrom.

Suitable means are provided'for feeding an eyelet so that it may be picked up by the pin 36, Figure 4, in the plunger and carllt) ried forward, passed through a holey in the washer and thereafter upset against the anvil 2l to fastenl the washer to the envelope body. Such means are herein shown` as follows: Referring to Figure l. a suitable eyelet selector box is mounted upon a shaft 6l journalled in suitable bearings above the machine. The eyelet boX, shown in more detail in Figure 12, may be of any suitable construction adapted to deliver eyelets to a channeled gutter leadingV to the eyelet upsetting mechanism. The box is rotated from the main' shaft through belts 62 and 63 running over pulleys 64, 65, 66 and 67.

The eyelet box delivers eyelets to the gutter 7() and the eyelets will. slide down the gutter until they reach an escapement mechanism, shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9. This escapement mechanism is'adapted' to release the eyelets one at a time and permit the released eyelet to fall to the bottom of the gutter where it is in position for engagement by the upsetting mechanism. f Re ferring particularly to'Figures 7, 8 and 9 it will be seen thatthe esc'apement mecha nism comprises a reciprocatory member 7l having two knife edges 72 and 73 staggered in relation to the gutter. As shown in Figure 7 the eyelets are intended to pile up and be caught upon the upper knife edge 72. Upon a reciprocation kof the member 71 to the right, ythe knife edge 72 will re lease an eyelet from'the column of eyeletsr and permit itto drop against the knife edge 73. Upon the reverse yreciprocation to the left, knife edge 72 will pass between the eyelet resting upon 73 and the one above it while 73 will pass out ofthe way and permit the lowermost eyelet to` drop.`

The escapement slide 71 isl yactuated by the bell crank lever 74 having connection through a link 75 with an arm 76 carried by the feed roll actuating yarm Thus when the 'feed roll is actuated to move the strip forward, the eyelet escapementy The operation of the mechanism just de-` scribed in applying the fastening washer to the body of the envelope will be briefly described before the description of the remaining parts of the machine is taken up.

The tape 43 being in positiomeach reciprocation rof the punch 33 will form a small hole therein. Assuming that this holehasy been made and the tape moved forward one step Vso that the small hole in the tape is aligned with the center of the lpunch 35, the

voperation of this portion of the mechanismwill be as follows: An envelope having been inserted over the shoe 20, the treadle 15 may be depressed to release theV clutch and cause the rotation ofthe main shaft. This Tof moves the punches 35 and 33 forward and the first result to be noted is that the pin tacts with theftape 43 and forces it against the kaperture in the die plate whereupon ka portion of the tape will be punched out to form a washer, supported by the pin 36,

which as the punch proceeds is being pressed back against thev spring 37. The washer thus formed 1s carried forward by the punch and pin and positioned against the envelope body. Finally theeyelet will be forced through the hole in the washer yand through the material of the envelope and upset against the anvil 2l. At the same time another small hole has been formed in the tape 43 by the punch 33. The eyelet having been upset the punches will be retracted and as soon as they have cleared the die plate 38 the cam 58 may actuate the feedvmechanism to -move the tape forward one step.v As soon as they gates 77 have kclosed behind the punch 35, the eyelet escapement mechanism may be actuated to drop another eyelety into position; thus completing a single cycle of operation of this part of the apparatus. I

Proceeding with the 'description of .the mechanism, the means for forming and attiring a reinforcing vwasher to the flap ofthe envelope is best shown in Figure 5 and its relative location to the mechanism just described is best known in Figure 3. Referring to Figure 5, a reciprocating plunger 8O is suitably mounted in the bed of the maA `chine and is adapted to be actuated in uni son with the plunger 23.` It is connected to thecrossbar 29 by a block 81 as shown in Figure 3. J ust below the plunger 8O is a plunger 82 also fastened in the block 8l. The end of the plunger 8O forms a punch which co-operates with a hole 83 in a die `pla-te 84 and the plunger carries anupsetting anvil 85. The plunger 82 carries a kpunch 86 to co-operate with a hole 87 in the die plate 84. A channel 88 Fig. 5 is formed between the dieplate 84 and the two punches and through this channel is passed a strip of'reinforcing kwasher material 89. This strip is drawn from a supply roll 89 (Fig. l) mounted upon a spindle 89 projecting from one of the standards 2 and is lll) led up over a guide roll and between feed rolls 91 and 92; the feed roll 91 being mounted upon the same shaft 48 which carries the feed roll 46 and the feed roll 92 being mounted upon a shaft 93 upon which the feed roll 47 is also mounted. The feed roll 91 is rotated with feed roll 46 and the tape 89 is moved forward step by step as is the tape 43. Thus at each reciprocation of the block 81 the punch 36 will form a small hole in the tape and the punch 85 will cut out a portion of the tape to form a washer and carry it forward for a purpose which will appear later.

Aligned with the plunger 80 is a cooperating reciprocating plunger slidably mounted in the frame of the machine. J ust beneath the plunger 100 is a smaller plunger 101 corresponding to the plunger 82. These two plungers are actuatedr from the main shaft 3 through beveled gears 102 and 103 best shown in Figure 3. The bevel 103 is mounted uponr a shaft 104 suitably journalled in the frame of the machine and this shaft carries a crank arm 105 which is connected by a connecting rod 106 with a block 107 secured to the plunger 100. The plunger 101 is suitably connected with the plunger ,100, At each revolution of the main shaft 3 the plungers 100 and 101 are moved forward and back as in the case ofthe other plungers.

The end of the plunger 100 forms a punch 109 while the end of the plunger 101 carries a punch 110. A die plate 111 is rigidly mounted upon the machine and 'is provided witha hole 112 to cooperate with the punch 109. Tt is also'provided with a smaller hole 113 to cooperate with the punch 110. Between the die plate 111 and the ends of the plungers is a guide plate 114 which forms a channel 115 through which a strip of tape 116 is drawn by suitable feed rolls.

lVithin the punch 109 is a pin -or rod 117 which is free to slide therein and is pressed normally outward by a spring 11S. This spring is best shown in Figure 6 'which is a horizontal section through the center line of the plunger' 100. It is desired to have the pin 117 projected from the punch-109 at the beginning of the cycle of operation of the machine for purposes which will hereinafter appear. Suitable means are therefore provided to release the pin upon the start of operation; the same being herein shown vas a trigger mechanism best illustrated in Figure 6. Attached to a fixed abutment is an `arm 119 pivoted at 120 and free to rotate only in a clockwise direction on the pivot from the position shown. -Pivoted at 121 within the plunger is a trigger 122 which has an voutwardly projecting arm 123 carrying an 11p-standing pin 124. The plunger 100 is shown in its completely retracted position in Figure 6*.` Upon forward movement of the plunger the pin 124 will contact with a cam surface 125 of a cam plate 126 fastened to the underside of the arm 119. The arm heilig restrained-from movement toward the punch, the trigger will be drawn away from the enlarged end of the pin 117 and the pin vwill be released and shot forward by the spring 118. As the plunger moves forward the pin 124 will move along the cam plate 126 until the arm 123 contacts with a spring 127 which tends to hold the arm 119 in the position shown. At this time the end of the pin 117 will have come in contact with. the advancing anvil 85 'on the plunger 80 and be held from further forward movement so that the relative movement of the pin 117 with respect to the plunger 100 will be toward the right to compress the spring 118. Therefoie as the plunger progresses further toward the left, the trigger 122 will bear against the enlarged end of the pin 117 and finally snap behind the enlarged end so that the relative position of the plunger, pin and trigger will be the same as that shown in Figure 6. VAt about this time the plunger will be retracted from its advanced position Vand the pin 124 on the trigger arm will pass under the arm 119 and contact with the cam surface 128 on the cam plate 126. The arm 119 will be rotated slightly in a clockwise direction during the retractile movement of the punch until the parts come substantially into the position shown in Figure 6 when the arm 119, urged bythe spring 127 will snap back-into the position shown.

Means are provided for drawing the tape 116 through the channel 115 and are substantially similar to corresponding means acting upon the`other tapes. VThe tape roll 1-30 (Fig. 1) is supported upon a spindle 131 attached to one of the standards of the machine and the tape is drawn from this roll through the channel, over al guide roll 132 and between feeding rolls 133 and 134. The feed roll 133 is mounted upon a shaft 135 which is journalled `in sliding bearings so that the feed rolls may be brought together by'set screws 136.

As in the case of feed rolls 91 and 46', suitable means are provided for intermittently rotating the feed roll 133 to feedw the tape step by step. A ratchet 137 is fast t-o the shaft and a spring pressed pawl 13S mounted uponv an arm 139A is actuated through a suitable link connection 140 from .an arm 141carried by a suitable standard,

vsubstantially like that described in'connection with thepu'nch 35 are utilized to positionan eyelet in front of the punch 109. The eyelet feed box Y is driven through belts 151 and 62 the former running over pulleys 152 and 153. 'A gutter 154 leads yfrom operating upon the eyelets in the guttei` 70.

is provided to operate upon eyelets in the gutter 154. An escapement bar 156 is shownin Figure15 and the linkconnections 157 to an arm 158 upon the arm 1&1. y p

The operation of the parts just described may be understood from Fig-ure 5., First with respect to the anvil carrying plunger 80. It will be observed that upon reciprocation this plunger will move toward the tape 89; the` anvil Vpin passing through a holein 'the tape which has been punched at the previousroperation by the punch 8b.` The end of the plunger s coming into contact with the tape will 4punclroilt a portion ofthe tape to form a washer and carry it forward.

Upon the o her side, the initial movement of the plunger 100 will operateto release the pin 117 which will be moved forward, passed through an eyelet, which is positioned in front yof it, through a hole'in the tape116 which has been punched in the previous operation by the punch 110 and will come in contact with the anvil pin before ythe plunger 100 has travelled very far. During further forward movement of the plunger 100 the string feeding means, which are about to be described, may operate. Upon further movement the punch 109'will open the gates 155, pass the guide 114 and contact with the tape 116, cutting out a portion to kform a washer and carrying the eyelet and washer forward to the central position. The plungers 80 and 100 thus form the washers or buttons and positiony them against opposite sides of the flap or blank, and the actuation of the plungers not only forms the washers and positions them against the envelope, but also sets the eyelet which serves as a fastener by which the washers are affixed to thefenvelope flap. The description of the completion of the operation will be reserved until the string feeding means has been described. y

The attachment of the string to the flap of, the envelope is preferably effected by looping the string around the pin 117 before the dies have beenbrought together to upset the eyelet. Thus the string is looped in position to be fastened between the upset flanges of the eyelet. It will readily be observed how this is effected while the reinforcing washer is being formed bythe punch 85, and the fastening washer` is being formed by the punch .109. 4After the envelope fla;4

has been placed alongside the die plateL 84- and the treadle 15 depressed, the initial movement of the plunger 100 will release the pin 117 and permit it `to shoot forward into contact lwith ythe envelope flap. 'l`hfen while the'punches are coming together the string may be wound upon the pin rand thereafter caught between the envelope flap and the reinforcing washer and `firmly held there by lthe flanges of the eyelet.

` Means for accomplishing this result are herein rshown as a'hollow gear 200 mounted within a suitablehousing and rotating concentrically about the pin 117-and of sufficient size to 'permit the punch 109't'o passv therethrough. This gear is rotated fromv the main shaft 8 by a suitable train of gearing comprising the gears 201, 202 and 203, and'is vpreferably rotated at a greater speed than the main shaft. In 'this instance the gear'200 which, with its associated parts, will hereinafter be termed the looperi makes four revolutionsfto one revolution of the main shaft. Means are provided on the gear to grasp the end of a string which is presented to the looper lby means hereinafter described, the string grasping means being herein shown as a substantially U- shaped member 204, Figure 20, normally spring pressed against the face of the gear` but adapted tobe extended from theface of the gear at the proper moment in the operation of the machine when it is desiredY to grasp a piece of string presented thereto. This U-shaped member 204 extends through thegear and'is'fixed to a ring 205 having a cam surface 206. The construction of this looper will be more readily seen from Figures 19, 20 and 21`which are respectively an end view, front view and cross-section of the looper. The ring 205 isnormally held away from the gear by springs 207 and its movement is limited by the string engaging member 204e. vThus, it will be seen that when an end of astring is placed under the member v204, itfwill be firmlygraspcd between this member 204 andthe face' of the gear in the absence of any control thereof by the ring 205 with its cam surface 206.y

Means may be provided to control the opening and closing of the member 204 for the purpose of threading the string thereunder, the said means being herein shown as a cam 208 mounted upona lever 209 and controlled by a cam 210 upon the main shaf- (see Figure 15).` As this particular mechanism is designed to operate, it is desirable to have the looper opened for grasping the string `once in its fourrevo-lutions, that is. at a time when the pin 117 is extended. It will therefore be seen that when Vthe cani 208 `is brought tothe position shown in.

will grasp the string end which has been .130

presented to it and willl wind the string lll) about the pin 117 until the string is released or withdrawn from the looper.

By the described arrangement the string is formed to present a complete loop about the rivet shank which insures an effective securing of the string to the envelope. This connection is substantially stronger than in the case of a loop open at one side, partly because of the greater arc of contact between the string and the parts between which it is clamped and partly because the string is crossed in the narrow space between the button and envelope and therefore more tightly secured.

Means may be provided to present the cnd of a string to the looper mechanism so that it may be engaged by the member 204 and the rim of the gear 200, t-he same being hereinshown as a reciprocating string carryingl member 215 and its associated parts. This string carrying member is provided with a finger 216 having a resilient side plate 217 to engage the string when it is threaded therethrough and to tension the string during the succeeding operations. The string carrying member 215 isV mounted in a guideway218 and is reciprocated by a crank arm 219 and link 220, the crank arm being mounted upon a shaft 221 which in this particular instance, is driven in synchronism with the main shaft 3 through a train of gears 222-227.

Means may be provided to sever the string, the same being herein shown as shears 230 having a. fixed blade 231 and movable blade 232 and mounted upon an oscillating member 233 pivoted at 234 upon the guideway. The two blades of the shears are pivoted at and are held in operative relation by any suitable means herein shown as a stud and spring 236. Suitable means may be provided to bring the shears into position for cutting the string, the same being herein shown as a. cani 237 upon the oscillating shears mounting 233 adapted to be engaged by an anti-friction roller 238 upon the string carrying member 215 to oscillate the shears and bring them into operative position for cutting the string. The shears mounting is shown in its normal position in Figui-esel?) and 17 and is yieldingly held in this position by a spring 239 attached to the shears mounting and to an arm 240 which in turn is rigidly attached to the guideway 218.

Means may be provided to operate the shears to cause them to cut the string upon their being brought forward through the aperture 241 in the guideway, such means being herein shown as an anti-friction roller 242 upon the rearwardly extending movable blade 232 ofthe shears. (See Figures 17 and 18). This roller 242 is adapted to be engaged by a pair of cams 243 and 244 which cause ythe shears to close and open respe 3tive ly. It will be observed, that when the shears mounting is oscillated upon the pivot 234 the shears will be swung forward until the anti-friction roller 242 conta-cts with the cani 243. Upon further forward movement of the shears the cam 243 will operate to bring the cutting edges of the shears together and thereupon the machine being so organized as to bring the string between these cutting edges, the string' will be severed just above the threader. As the string carrying member is moved upward by the crank and linl; connection with the shaft 221 the roller 238 upon the string carrying member will be released from engagement with the cam 237 upon the shears mounting and allow the same to resume its normal position under the action of the spring 239. The rearward movement of the shears will bring the shears operating roller 242 in contact with the cam 244 which will canse the shears to be opened in readiness for the next forward movement preceding the cutting of the next lengt-h of string.

To assist in properly locating the envel' ope an adjustable table 250 is positioned in front of the machine and supported in a bracket 251 as shown in Figures 1 and 2. This table mayy be raised or lowered by means of a screw 252 which can be rotated by a handle 253. The screw is threaded in a bracket 254. The table may be adjusted to a proper horizontal .plane by another screw 255 shown in Figure 2.

The operation of the machine as a whole may be summarized as follows: Starting with the several parts of the apparatus'in the positions shown in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5, and referring particularly to those figures, an envelope to which the string closure is to be affixed may be inserted in the machine by extending the flap into the space between the die plate 84 and the looper 200; the shoe 2O being inserted in the envelope so that theI body of the envelope comes between the shoe 20 and the die plate 38. The table 250 will of course be previously adjusted to position the envelope properly. The envelope being in place the treadle 15 may be depressed to release the clutch mechanism and start the rotation of the main shaft 3. The several plungers will scart their forward movement at a relative. speed depending upon the distance which they have to travel. The initial movement of the plunger 100 will release the pin 117 and shoot it for Tard into Contact with the envelope flap. The initial rotation of the string looper will cause it to grasp the string and wind the string about the pin while the several plnngers coming forward. Tn operation this action results in winding the string about the eyelet to be secured by the latter. When the main shaft has made substantially one quarter revolution the several punches will have reached their respective tapes and cut out washers therefrom. In the case of *the plunger' 100 the punch Will carry forward an eyelet and Washer upon the pin 117, While the plunger 8O cuts out and carries forward a reinforcing Washer on the anvil pin. S5, and the punch 85 cuts out and carries forward a washer and eyelet upon the pin 36. lVhen the main shaft hascompletedabout the rst half of its revolution, the punch. 35 will havey a washer and eyelet in contact with the body of the envelope, the anvil 85 Will hold the reinforcing Washer in contact 'with the inside of the flap of the envelope and the punch 109 Will hold a fastening washer and eyelet in contact ivith the outside ofthe flap of the envelope, while the string will. be Wound upon the pin 117 and When the' eyelet onA the pin has advanced far enough the string Will ride up upon the shank ofthe eyelet. During this time the string carrier 215 will have descended in its guideWa-y until the roller 238 is nearly in contact With the cam 235 of the shears mechanisiri. At the completion of the first half revolution the punch' 35 Will force the eyelet carried by it through the paper of the body of the en- `veiope and upset it againstthe anvil thus securing the fastening Washer to the body of the envelope, livhile the `cooperating plungf ers and 100 Will force an eyelet through the fastening and reinforcing Washers and thefiap of the envelope and upsetit to secure the Washers and string firmly thereto. At substantiallyT this time the shears Will be moved forwardr to' cut 'the string at the proper point. l y y During the second half revolution ofthe main shaft the several plungers will be retracted to their starting positions, the tapes advanced one step and an eyelet dropped to the bottom of each gutter, and the string carrier will have returned to the position of Figure 5 to place an end of the string-,Where it can be grasped by the looper.' This completes a single cycle of operation and places the machine in position for its next operation. l

It will be understood thatit is not indispensible that the several parts of the machine be used in combination as their separate advantages may' accrue fromtheir independent use in any suitable machine, and it is to be understood that the invention may be variously modified and embodied Within the scope of the subjoined claims. l

n I `Claim as my invention; l

1. In a machine of the character described, the combination of means to position a button upon one side of a iiap of an envelope; means to position a reinforcing Washer upon the other side of the flap: means to vfeed a fastener thereto; means to position a button upon the body of theenvelopej; means to feed a fastener thereto gand means to actuate the iliositioning means to afHX the buttons and reinforcing Washer simultaneously by ther fasteners.

2. VIn a machine of the character described, the. combination of means to position a button upon one side of a iiap of an envelope; means to position a reinforcing` Washer upon the other side of the flap; means to feed a fastener thereto; means to position :i string for fastening to the flap of the envelope; means to position a Abutton uponr the body of the envelope; means to Yfeed a fastener thereto; and Lmeans to actuate the positioning means to the buttons and reinforcing' Washer simultaneously by the fasteners. f l

`3. In a machine of the character described, in combination, means to position a button upon one side of the iiap of an envelope;

ymeans to position a reinforcing Washer upon 'the other side of thefiap; means to position a button upon the body of the envelope; -rvandmeaiis to affix the buttons and the "Washer to the flap and body of the envelope by fasteners. y l

4. In a machine of the character described7 rthe combination of means to aiiix a button to one side of the ap of an envelope; oppositely acting means to affix a reinforcing Washer to the other side of the. iiap of an envelope; means to affix a button to the body 'of an envelope; and `means to actiiate said button and i'vashery afiixing means simultaneously.

` 5. In a machine ofthe .character described fastener setting means to simultaneously set "both fasteners. y 6. In a machine of the characterdescribed,

thev combination of a button formingpunch having an eyelet carrying member; means toposition an end of string adjacent said eyelet carrying member; means to feed an eyelet to said eyelet carrying member; an upsetting anvil; and means to actuate said punch to form a"V button and to aiiix it together with the string end to a sheet of inaterial by the eyelet..

7. In a machine of the character described, in combination, means to `position a reinforcement against the flap of an envelope, inleans for setting an eyelet through the re inforcement and envelope flap, means for setting a fastener through the body of the `envelope and means for simultaneously operating both setting means.

S. In amachine of thecharacter described, in combination, means to position a `rbutton upon one side of the flap of an envelope; means to positin a button rupon the ybody of the envelope; and means to affix the buttons to the flap and body simultaneously.

9. In a machine ofthe character described, the combination of means-to -affix a button to one side of the flap of an envelope, means to affix a washer to the opposite side vof the flap of an envelope, means to aiiix a button to the body of the envelope, means to feed a .string to position to be affixed under one of the buttons and means to actuate both button aftixing means and the washer aflixing lmeans simultaneously.

l0. In a .machine Vof `the character described, the combination of means to `affix a button ,to one side ofthe flap ofan envelope, means to affix a buttonto the body of -theenvelope, means to feed ra string to position to be aflixcd under one of the buttonsa-nd means to actuate both button .atiixing means simultaneously.

Il. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a horn having an anvil arranged to enter the open end of .an envelope placed thereon of .means for setting a Afastener through a part vof the envelope body `against `the anvil yon one side of the horn, and `means for ysetting a cooperating fastener `through the flap on the opposite side ofthe horn.

l2. In a machine of the .character d-escribed, the combination with la horn arranged .to enter the open end jof an envelope of fastener .setting devices .operable simultaneously to set fasteners one through the body and Aone through the flap of the envelope. f

13. In a machine Kof the `character described, the combination of eyelet'setting means; means to feed an eyelet thereto; and means to loop a string in position :to be fastened .between the upset flanges .of lan eyelet.

14. In a machine of the vchai-acter described, the combination .of eyelet setting means; means :to feed an eyelet thereto; means to position a button between the cooperating parts of the eyelet setting means; means to loop a. string in position to be re.- `tained by an eyelet; and means to actnate the eyelet setting means to .aix the 'button and st ying to an interposed sheet of material by the eyelet.

l5. In a machine of the character' described, the combination .of eyelet setting means; means to feed an eyelet thereto; means to loop a string in position to be retained by an eyelet; and means to sever a lnedet-erinincd length of string.

16. In a machine of the character described, the `combination of eyelet setting means; means to feed a button between the cooperating parts oi" the eyelet setting` means; means to loop a string in position to be fastened under the upset flanges an eyelet; means to sever a predetermined length of st ing; and means to actuate the eyelet setting means to affix the button and string to an linterposed sheet of material by the eyelet.

17. In a machine of the character described, th-e combination of eyelet setting means including a button forming punch having a spring pressed. pin; and string looping means to loop a string about the pin. p

18. A machine of the character described, comprising in combination, an eyelet setting plunger; a pin axially mounted with respect to said plunger, said pin being' movable with respect lto said plunger; means to position an eyelet in Vthe path of the pin; means to pass the pin through the eyelet; and means to -wind a string upon the pin for fastening under the upset flanges of an eyelet.

19. In a machine of the character described, the combination of means to posi- .tion a button upon one side of a Hap of an envelope; means to position a reinforcing washer upon the other side of the flap; means to feed a. fastener thereto; means to loop a string in position for attachment by the fastener; means to position a button upon the body of the envelope; means to feed afastener thereto; and means to actuate the positioning mea-ns to afiX the buttons, spring and reinforcing washer simultaneously by the fasteners.

20. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a reciprocable washer forming punch carrying an eyelet set; an opposed button forming punch carrying a cooperating eyelet set; means to position an eyelet to be carried forward by one of said opposed punches; means to position an end of string for fastening under the upset flanges of an eyelet; and means to actuate said opposed punches to afiix the washer and button to opposite sides of au interposed sheet material by upsetting the eyelet.

21. In a machine of the class described, the combination with a washer feeding device, an eyelet feeding device.r and a string feedingdevice, of means for cutting said string, means for cutting the washer and up'- setting the eyelet. and means for simultaneously operating all of said devices and said means from a single source of power.

2 2. In a machine of the class described. the combination with means for receiving an envelope, of means for puncturing the flap of Vsaid envelope and inserting therethrough an eyelet` means for supplying a washer to each side of said flap, means for winding the end of a string about said eyelet: and means for upsetting said eyelet to clamp said washers, said. string and said envelope flapf envelope flap, and means for cutting apredetermined length of said spring.

24. In a machine of the character scribed the rcombination of'fastener setting means, means to form a button and to position it to be aixed by the fastener, means to form a string into a loopk about thefastener and means to actuate the fastener setting means to affiXthe button and string to an interposed sheetyof materialby the fastener. f y

25. In a machine of the class described, the combination With a main shaft, kand envelope positioning mechanism, for positioning an envelope in the ymachinewith the flap thereof' extended., of Washer.A feeding devices for feeding Washer material toopposite sides of said flap, an eyelet feeding device for feeding an eyelet to one side of said iap, cutting and upsetting devices for cutting Washers from saidmaterial on opposite sides of said envelope flap, and upsetting said eyelet, a string feeding device, a string Winding device for Winding said string around said eyelet, a string cutting device for cutting predetermined lengths of said strings, and means forfactuating all of said devices from said shaft.

26. In a machine of the classdescribed, the combination With a main shaft, and an envelope positioning mechanism,l of a Washer feeding device for feeding Washer materialto said envelope,.an eyelet feeding device for feeding eyelets to said envelope, a cutting and upsetting device, vfor. cutting a Washer from said material and upsetting an eyelet, a string feeding'device, a string Windingr device, for Winding said .string around saidr eyelet, ar string cutting device for cutting predetermined lengths of said string, and means for actuating all of said fr Adevices from said shaft.

27. In a machine of the class described, the combination With a main shaft, and an envelope positioning mechanism, for positioning an envelope in 'the machine with the iiap thereof extended, rof Waslierfeeding devices for feeding Washer' materialto opposite sides of said flap, and to one side of the body of said envelope, eyelet feeding devices for feeding an eyelet to said flap and another eyeletk to one side of the body of said envelope, cutting and upsetting devices for cutting out Washers from said material on opposite sides of said envelope'flap. and ou one side of the envelope body, and

for upsetting said eyelets, a string feeding device, a string Winding device forvvinding said string around one of the eyelets, a string cutting device kfor cutting predetermined lengths of said string, and means for actuating all of said devices from said shaft.

28. In a machine of the yclass described, an eyelet positioning device, astriiig feeding device,and means for Winding said string about the eyelet positioned in said eyelet positioning device. y29. In a machine of the class described, an eyelet positioning device, a string feeding device, a rotatable member mounted to rotate about the eyelet positioning device coniprising a rigid member and a yielding inember, means for momentarily actuating said yielding member against tension to create a space betiveen said yielding member and the rigid member.

30. In a machine of the character described, the combination yof means to posirtion a button upon the iiap of an envelope;

means to feed a fastener thereto; means to position a button upon the body of the envelope; meansto feed a fastener thereto; and means to actuate the positioning means to affix thebuttons by. the fasteners'.

3l. Ina machine of the character described, the combination of means to position a button upon the flap of an envelope; means to feed a fastener thereto; means to position a string for fastening to the flap .of the envelope; means to position a button upon the body of the envelope; means to feed a fastener thereto; and means to actuate the positioning means to affix the buttons and string by the fasteners.

32. In a machine4 of the character described, the combination of means to position a buttony upon the iiap of an envelope;

Vmeans to feed a fastener thereto; means to position a button upon the body of the envelope; means to feed a fastener thereto; means to position a string for fastening to the envelop adjacent one of said buttons:

rand means to actuate the positioning means toaiiix the buttons and string by the fasteners. Y y

33. In a machine for applying to the flap and body of an envelope, on one a string and on the other a button ivithivhich the string is to cooperate in fastening the envelope in Vclosed position, means for applying both said string and button, comprising in combination a string-applying and fastening mechanism so located as to apply the string to one `part of the envelope, a button applying and fastening mechanism S0 located With relation to the `other as to apply the button to the other part of the envelope, and cooperat- .r ing means for actuating both of said applying and fastening mechanism.

34. In a machine for applying to the flap and body of au envelope, on one a string and on the other a button with which the string is to cooperate in fastening the flap in closed position, meansfor applying both said string and button. with a single positioning of the envelope, comprising inV combination a string-applying and fastening mechanism so located as to apply the string to one part of the envelope, a button-applying and fastening -mechanism so located with relation to the other as to apply the button to the other part of the envelope, and cooperating means for actuating both of said applying and fastening mechanism.

In a machinelsuch as set forth in claim 33, the string applying and fastening' mechanism comprising means for applying and fastening` a button simultaneously with said string.

36. In a machine such as set forth in claim 35, the string and button applying andfastening mechanism comprising meansfor applying an eyelet and for fastening the string and button by upsetting said eyelet.

37. In a machine such as set forth in claim 33, mechanism, cooperating withl theA string applying and fastening mechanism for severing said string.

38. In a machine such as set forth in claim 33, mechanism cooperating` therewith,y for applying and fastening a reinforcing piece to the opposite side of that portion of the envelope to which the string isfap plied.

V39. In a machine. of the character described for fastening stringto a blank by means of anl eyelet, the combination with opposed relatively movable eyelet sets and automatic means for supplying eyelets thereto of means for forming a string into a complete loop coaxial with theeyelet sets and means to operate said sets to affix an eyelet and to operate the. loop forming means in such timed relation .that the loop of string will surroundvand be. secured .to the blank by the eyelet.

40. In a machineA for aiiixing string to a blank by means of an eyelet, the combination with means for periodically feeding a fastening washer and eyelet, positioning the same in axial alignment and passing `the eyelet through the fastening washer and the blank to secure the washer to ther blank, of means for forming a complete loop in the string coaxial with the washer and eyelet and positioning the same in a plane between the washer and blank, and means, for operating said first mentioned means and said loop forming and positioning means in timed relation to secure the loop to the blank and between it and the washer.

41. In a machine for atfixing string to a blank by means of an eyelet and a fastening washer the combination with mechanism for setting an eyelet in a blank and mechanism for automatically supplying a fastening washer in position to be secured to the blank by the eye-let of means cooperating with said mechanism for forming a string into a loop about the eyelet to be secured to the blank by the washer and eyelet.

42. In a machine of the character described for securing a string to a blank, the combination with automatic mechanism for feeding eyelets, automatic mechanism for supplying and positioning buttons against blanks, inserting eyelets through both the buttons and blanks and clenching them, of looping mechanism for forming a string into a loop coaxial with abutton and an eyelet and between the button and blank and means to operate saidymechanisms vin timed relation Such that the loop ywill be formed` after the blank is positioned in the machine and the button and eyelet are brought into axial alignment, but before the blank with the button and eyelet appliedis removed vfrom the machine.

43. In .almachine of the character described, the combination with automatic fastener feeding mechanism and meansfor applying a fastener to a blank, of. means cooperating with the applying means for. looping a string entirely around the fastener previous to the completion of the applying operation. and thereby attach the string to the blank.

44. In a machine for securingalength of string to a blank, the combination with automatic eyelet feeding means and eyelet sets relatively reciprocable to affix an eyelet to a blank, of a rotatable looper concentric with the axis of the sets, the sets and looper cooperating to affix a string to a blank by meansv of an eyelet.

45. In a machine for securing a string to a blank, the combinationwith means for supplying and positioning a button and feeding andsetting a fastener to secure said button tov-a blank, of means cooperating with said first mentioned means to cause a string to encircle the fastener, said two means cooperating to secure a string to a blank between thefbutton and theV blank.

46. In a machine of the character described, the combination with automatic mechanism for supplying eyelets onel by one and an eyelet setting device, of a loop forming mechanism 'comprising a rotatable element having string engaging means and means to rotate said element thro-ugh substantially a complete circle to form the string into a loop in position to be secured between the flanges of the eyelet.

47. In a machine of the character described the combination with automatic eyelet feeding means and eyelet sets for securing a button to a blank of means for forming a loop coaxial with the eyelet` sets and positioning the loop at the time it is formed in a plane parallel to and between the button and blank.

48. In a machine of the 'character de'- scribed the combination With automatic eyelet feeding means and eyelet sets for securing a button to a blank by means of an eyelet, of an annular rotatablel looper through which one eyelety set passes, arranged to enscribed, the combination with an eyelet magazine, nreans for feedingeyelets thereyfrom and eyelet sets for securing an eyelet `to a blank, of a loop forming device comprising an annular member rotatable coaXially with the eyelet sets having a'string gripping element. 'c f Y 51. In Aa machine ofv the character described for securing a string to a blank, the combination With automatic mechanism for feeding eyelets one by one, and automatic mechanism ior supplyingand positioning buttons against blanks and securing said buttons tof the blanks by means of the eyelets including opposed relatively movable eyelet sets of an annulus arranged to control a string and having an open `center larger than one of the sets and coaxial therewith tok permit the set to project therethrough, said annulus being provided exteriorly with gear teeth, together with gearing engaging said teeth and driving the annulus.v

52. In a machine of the class described, eyelet setting' means for securing a circular disk orvivasher to the body portion of an envelope, and a second eyelet setting means for simultaneously securing a circulark disk or Washer to the seal flap of the envelope.

53. In a machine of the class described, a supporting bed, an anvil imounted onsaid bed, a second anvil on said supporting bed, said anvils being inposition to engage with the seal flap and,k 'body portion of an envelope, andmechanism co-operating with each of said anvils for automatically securing diskv and eyelet fastening means tothe seal flap and body portion of an envelope.

54. In a machine ofthe class described, ai

supporting bed having a noseV adapted to project Within theopen end of an` envelope,

the seal flap of the envelope resting on one side of said nose and the body portion ofy said envelope engaging the other side` of the nose, an anvil on the supporting bed adapted to engage With the seal flap of thel envelope,

a second anvil mounted upon the supporting bed and adapted to engage With the body portion of the envelope, means for feeding a circular disk or Washer tov a point adjacent said first anvil and adjacent the seal flap of the envelope, eyelet setting means for securing said disk to said seal iiap, means for feeding a circular disk or Washer to a position adjacent the second anviland on one side of the body portion of the envelope, and eyelet-setting means for securing said disk to the body portion of the envelope.

55. In a machine of the character described, the combination of parallel button forming and eyelet setting plungers, mechanism for feeding a strip of Washer material past each plunger, an eyelet feeding mechanism for feeding eyelets to each plunger, a

rotatable annular looper through Which one of said plungers operates, a die through Which each plunger operates and with Which it cooperates to cut a Washer from the strip of material, an anvil'arranged to cooperate With each plunger and actuating mechanism for simultaneously actuating the plungers to cut Ia Washer fromv each strip of material and affix the same to an interposed blank With a string looped around one of the eyelets beneath the Washer.

56. In a machine of the character described for fastening string to a blank,fin combination, means fo-r forming a Washer and Vpositioning it against one side of the blank, means for inserting a fastener through the Washer and blank, means for positioning a string between the Washer and blank and means for actuating the Washer forming and fastener inserting means to afiiX the Washer and secure the string to the blank.

57. In a machine of the character described, in combination, Vmeans for forming and positioning a Washer on one side of a sheet of material, an yassociated device for positioning a cooperating fastener in setting relation on the opposite side of said material, means for positioning a string to be engaged by the fastener, and means for aetuating the forming and positioning means for setting the fastener. Y v Y 58. In a machine of the character described fastener setting mechanism forsecuring a fastener to a blank, meansv for forming a Washer in substantially fastener receiving position on each side of said blank,

means for positioning a string between the Washers, means for ,actuating the fastener setting and Washer forming means to secure :the Washers and string to the blank by the fastener. n

59. In a machine of the character described fastener setting mechanism for securing a fastener to Va blank, means for forming a Washer in substantially fastener receiving position on each side of said blank,

llt)

means for positioning a string between the washers, means for actuating the fastener setting and washer forming means to secure thelwashers and string to the blank by the fastener.

60. Ina machine of the character described, in combination, fastener setting mechanism for applying a fastener to-a blank, means for forming a washer in substantially fastener receiving position on each side of said blank, means for'feedingxa fastener to the fastener setting' mechanism, means-'for posi- YVtioning a string to be engaged by the fastener, and means for actuating the fastener setting mechanism to secure the washers and stringby the fastener.

61. In a machinel of the character described, in combination, fastener setting mechanism for securing av fastener toa blank, means for forming two separate ieinforcing washers in substantiallyfastener receiving position, means for feeding washer material to said forming means, means for placing a string in position to be engaged by the fastener, an'd means for actuating the fastener setting and washer forming Vmeans to secure the washers and string Vto a blank by the fastener.

62. In a machine of t-lie character ydescribed, in combination, a reciprocatory anvil, a reciprocatoryset, means for forming a washer in the path ofthe set,lmeans for forming a Awasher in the path of the anvil, means for positioning a string between the washers, and means for actuating the anvil and set to secure the washers and string to a blank by a fastener.

63. In a machine lofthe charactei1 vdescribed, in combination, punches for cutting out washers, means for feeding strips of washer material vto said punches, means to actua-te said punches to cut outpeiforated washers, means for positioning a string between the washers, and means cooperating Awith said punches to aiiix said washers to a blank by a fastener.

64.` In a machine of 'the character described, in combination, means to position va washer against one side of a blank, means to position a washer against the opposite side of the blank, means to feed a fastener thereto, means to feed a string adiacent the fastener, and means to actuate rthe positioning means to affix the washers and string bythe fastener. y

65. In a machine of the character described, in combination, means'to position a washer against each side of a blank, means to feed a fastener thereto and to ai'iix the washers to the blank by the fastener, and mechanism for actuating both positioning means and the aiiixing means while the blank is held in one substantially fixed position, together with means foi placing a string in position to be secured to the blank by the washer and'r fastener.

G6.- In a machine of th-e character described :for fastening string to a blank, in combination,means for forming a washer, andv positioning it against one side of the blankcomprising a. die and a punch operating therethrough, means for inserting an eyeletfroin-the opposite side through said blank and wash-er, means to position a string to besecnred bythe Veyel-et to the blank, and means for actuating :the aforesaid means to aliix the washer and string to the blank.

67.' In a machine of the character described, the combination of opposed reciproeating` washer forming and eyelet setting pliiiigers, dies through which said plungers operato and withwhich they cooperate to cut washers from strips of washer material` means to feed washer material to one of said plungeis, means to feed afstringto position between the plungers, and means to actuate saidfplungers toform washers and aflix them to opposite sides of an interposed blank by an eyelet with the stringfsecured by one of the washers.

68. In a machine of the character described for'fastening string to a blank by ymeans of an eyelet, in combination, means for forming al washer and positioning it against one side of the blank, means for inserting an eyelet from the oppositeside of Ythe blank through the blankand washer,

means for positioning a stringbetween the washer and blank and `means for actuating the washerv forming and eyelet inserting means to afiiX the washer to thefblank;

69. In 'a machineof the character described, in combination, means forA forming and positioning an vannular washeragainst one side of va blank, means-*cooperating with said first mentioned means for inserting` an eyelet from thesain'eside through the hole of'said washer and through lsaid blank. a device to feed a string adjacent the eyelet, an eyelet 'clinching anvil andzmeans for actuating the aforesaid means and anvil to clinch the eyelet to secure the vwasher and string to the blank.

70.v In a machine of the character described, in combination, means forforming and positioning a-washer against one side of a, blank-comprisinga die and` a punch operating therethrough, means for insertingan eyelet from theop'posite side through the said washer and blank, a device for positioning a string adjacent Y the eyelet,V and means for actuating 'thcaforesaid means to afx the washer and string to the blank by means of the eyelet.

71. In a Ymachine of the character described, incombination, means for forming andl positioning a washerA against one side of a blank comprising a die and a punch lltl operating therethrough, means cooperating with the punch .for insertingan eyelet first through the Washer and then through the` blank, means for positioning asti-ing adjacent the eyelet, and means cooperating with said punch` for setting they eyelet.

72. In a machine of the character described, in combinatiomeyelet setting mechaiiisin and Washer forming mechanism com-` prising a punch and eyelet set having a diameter corresponding to the outside diameter of the Washer and a second punch for punching a central hole in the Washer,7said punches being adapted Ato operate simultaneously npon a strip of Washer material fed past the punches ,by successive steps, and means for positioning a string in the line of action of saideeyelet setting and Washer forming mechanism.

73. Ina machine of the characterrdescribed, in combination,means for kguiding a blank, means for feeding a stripvof material to one side of said blank and means for puncturing said strip at predetermined intervals as the same isA fed through said machine, means for severing a punctured portion of said strip from the remainder thereof, means for inserting an eyeletkfirst through the punctured portion of said severed strip and then through a po-rtion of the blank, means for positioning a string to be engaged by said eyelet, and meansy for ,up-

setting the said eyelet to clampsaid 'portion -of the strip said string .and said blank together.

74. In a machine of the character described. in combination, meansfor positiony .ing Washers on opposite sides of a blank,

means for positioning a string between the washers, meansl for feeding an eyelet and means to actuate the positioning means to affix the eyelet to the blank and Washers.

75. In'a machine of the character described, in combination, means for forming and positioning Washerson opposite sides of afblank While said blank is held in predetermined position, means for' feeding and setting an eyelet through the Washers and blank While said blank is yheld in said predetermined position, andmeans for feeding a string in position to be secured to the envelope by the Washers and eyelet.

76. In a machine of the character described, inV combination, a reciprocable Washer forming punch carrying an eyelet set. van opposed Washer forming ypunch carrying a cooperating eyelet set, means'to position an eyelet to be carried forward by "one of said opposed punches, ymeans for placing a string in position to 'be secured by thev eyelet, and means to actuate 'the opposed punches to affix the Washers to opposite sides 'of an interposed blank by upsetting the eyelet.

77, In a machine of 'the character described, in combination, a Washer forming punch" having an' axially vmounted loiigitu- ,dinally movable eyelet carrying member, an

oppositely acting Washer forming eyelet setting punch; means ,for positioning a string ad]acent the eyelet, and means to `actuate said punches to form Washers and-to affixu the same to an interposed blank by said eyelet. y, n

78. In a machine ofthe character described the combination of fastener setting means, means to feed a fastener thereto, means to form a button in position to be affixed ,by the fastener, means to form a string into alloop and means to actuate the fastener setting means to affix the button and string to lan interposed sheet of material by the fastener with the string looped about the fastener. v

7 9. In a machine of the character described tlie combination of fastener setting means, means to feed abutton to position to be affixed by the fastener, means to loop a string around the fastener to be fastened thereby, means to severa predetermined length of string yand means to actuate the fastener set-ting means to affix the button and string to an interposed sheet of mate .rial by the fastener.

means, including opposed button forming punches; a string looping means; and means to actuate the fastener setting means and string looping means to form and affix but- 'tons to opposite sides of an interposed blank by ay fastener with the string looped around the fastener and secured thereby.

` 82. In a machine of the character described for fastening buttons and a string to a blank by means of a fastener, `the coinbination of opposed plungers constitutuig washer forming punches and fastener sets,

apertured die yplates through which said punches operate rand with which they cooperate to form Washers, an annular rotatable string loopei` through which one of saidk plungers operates and means for operating said plungers and looper to forni Washers and to affix the Washersand a string to a blank by afastener.

V83. In a `machine of the character described, the combination with means for receiving a blank, of vmeans for inserting a fastener through the blank, means for sup- 

